兰州地铁地温分布特性及其演化规律

以兰州地铁所在地区为研究对象,实测地铁隧道开挖前的地温(简称为初始地温),根据实测数据,提出地铁初始地温预测模型公式。采用非稳态传热的数值模型,分析运营条件下地铁隧道围岩温度的演化规律。结果表明:兰州地铁初始地温随环境气温和埋深的变化而变化;年变温层位于自地表至埋深12m处;年恒温层位于埋深12m及其以下,温度为15℃左右;年变温层中,1年内初始地温变化规律与环境气温变化规律相似,近似呈正弦曲线状分布,但存在相位滞后的现象;1年中初始地温的振幅随埋深的增大呈指数下降趋势。在隧道内空气与围岩之间热交换中,兰州地铁隧道围岩的温度及其梯度、热透厚度(未达到极限时)均与隧道内环境温度、热交换时间成正相关关系,但与距隧道内壁的距离成负相关关系。     

基于瞬态法的行李箱盖动态干涉研究

行车过程中行李箱盖在路面激励载荷作用下发生振动,当振动量超过行李箱盖和车身分缝间距时,就会发生干涉,导致漆膜破裂。文章利用有限元方法对汽车行李箱盖进行瞬态响应分析,并对其进行优化,最终经过台架试验和道路试验验证方案有效。为行李箱盖总成设计开发提供理论依据,并完善行李箱盖设计规范。     

舰艇典型分段焊接工艺仿真及其变形规律分析

针对舰艇分段结构采用不同的装焊工艺顺序，会出现不同的焊接变形的问题，以某舰艇256#分段焊接的整体最小变形量为目标，基于热弹塑性和固有应变理论，对该分段焊接常用的六种不同焊接工艺顺序，采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行焊接变形数值仿真；对比六种不同的方案计算结果表明，舰艇分段焊接采用C方案以矩形块为单位，由中间向两端对称焊接、从船中向两舷焊接横向和纵向构件的工艺顺序，该分段整体变形量为最小，为最优焊接工艺顺序方案。     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

A stochastic analysis of highway capacity: Empirical evidence and implications

This paper presents a stochastic characterization of highway capacity and explores its implications on ramp metering control at the corridor level. The stochastic variation of highway capacity is captured through a Space–Time Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (STARIMA) model. It is identified following a Seasonal STARIMA model (0, 0, 2₃) × (0, 1, 0)₂, which indicates that the capacities of adjacent locations are spatially–temporally correlated. Hourly capacity patterns further verify the stochastic nature of highway capacity. The goal of this paper is to study (1) how to take advantage of the extra information, such as capacity variation, and (2) what benefits can be gained from stochastic capacity modeling. The implication of stochastic capacity is investigated through a ramp metering case study. A mean–standard deviation formulation of capacity is proposed to achieve the trade-off between traffic operation efficiency and robustness. Following that, a modified stochastic capacity-constraint ZONE ramp metering scheme embedded cell transmission model algorithm is introduced. The numerical experiment suggests that considering capacity variation information would alleviate the spillback effect and improve throughput. Monte Carlo simulation further supports this argument. This study helps verify and characterize the stochastic nature of capacity, validates the benefits of using capacity variation information, and thus enhances the necessity of implementing stochastic capacity in traffic operation.     

吊舱推进器温升试验方法设计研究

本文介绍了吊舱推进器功率密度高、节省舱室空间的优势,指出了推进电机温升水平直接决定了吊舱推进器性能优劣。推进电机温升主要来自绕组线圈发热、推力轴承摩擦发热和支承轴承摩擦发热,并且受试验环境影响。如何求解绕组温升、推力轴承温升、支承轴承温升与试验环境关系,关系吊舱推进器试验设计成功与否。本文从推进电机发热与试验环境热交换的耦合关系建立温升数学模型,得到推进电机和试验环境的稳定温度,为合理、科学的试验环境设计提供理论依据。同时,通过2MW吊舱推进器动态加载试验对分析模型进行验证。     

兰新高速铁路高寒地段路基温度场数值模拟分析

兰新高铁浩门至大梁区间所处地区海拔高,气温低,冻结期长,属于深季节性冻土区。为解决该区间路基冻害问题,依据当地气候条件,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对低路堤、零断面换填路基及不同深度处铺设保温材料的路基温度场进行数值模拟,分析路基冻结深度的变化规律和最大冻结深度,为高寒区高速铁路路基冻害防治措施设计提供参考。研究表明:(1)由于兰新高铁浩门至大梁区间海拔高、冬季冻结时间长、气温低等原因,导致路基冻结深度大;(2)零断面换填路基实测地温和数值模拟计算结果基本相符,所选计算模型、参数等可以为其他相同条件断面数值模拟分析采用;(3)铺设保温板路基温度场较未铺设保温板的0℃线上移,冻结深度增加速率变小,最大冻结深度明显减小,路基保温效果较好;(4)由于路基边坡、基床以下部位土层性质、厚度、热物理参数等影响,低路堤最大冻结深度比零断面换填路基大。     

耐压壳非圆度偏差检测研究

耐压壳是水下航行器的主要构件,其热膨胀系数大,刚度大,厚度大,易造成焊接变形.文章利用工程数学分析推导了耐压壳非圆度偏差计算、换算及简化方法,编制了偏差计算程序.研究结果为降低制造误差提供了依据.     

小车车轮直线度测量及跑偏调整

为提高集装箱起重机作业效率,对车轮精确调整,以解决小车跑偏问题。分析小车跑偏原因。介绍车轮直线度的测量和车轮调整方法。此方法有效解决了起重机小车跑偏的问题,并在国内外多个集装箱码头推广运用,取得了一定的成果。     

寒区公路隧道温度场及保温层的研究

随着寒区公路隧道的不断增多,寒区隧道的保温问题也受到广泛重视。为了分析计算此类隧道施工过程中的温度场,验证寒区隧道保温设计的必要性,确定保温设计的经济性和有效性,文章以某市西山隧道为背景,结合东北冻土的热力性质特点,利用大型有限元计算程序Ansys,对寒区隧道进行了模拟分析,并且将计算的理论数据与实际测定的数据进行对比,分析隧道开挖后围岩温度场的分布、初期支护以及二次衬砌的温度变化过程,对隧道保温效果进行评定。数据对比表明,将保温层设置在二次衬砌外侧是比较合理的,但在东北寒区,对于断面半径达7m的大断面隧道,仅使用40 mm厚的PU硬质聚氨酯泡沫板作为保温材料是不合理的。为使设计经济合理,保温材料在径向上可以采用不同的厚度。